NASA logo Motto: For the Benefit of All. Flag of NASA: Agency overview; Formed: July 29, 1958; 58 years ago (1958-07-29) Preceding agency: NACA (1915–1958).Only 18 people have flown on missions to the moon. Here are the astronauts of NASA's Apollo manned journeys to the lunar surface. NASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. Get the latest updates on NASA missions, watch NASA TV live, and learn about our quest to reveal the unknown and benefit all humankind. National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA History Office. The Decision to Go to the Moon: President John F. Kennedy's May 25, 1961 Speech before a Joint Session of Congress. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, pol. Narodowa Agencja Aeronautyki i Przestrzeni Kosmicznej) – agencja rz Students to propose design concepts mission to open the path to the Red Planet. It needs a goal, and that goal should be sending explorers to Mars in our. NASA announced Tuesday the new retirement homes for the four remaining space shuttles -- three historic orbiters and the program's test vehicle. NASA: Astronomii au descoperit un ! Logarea pe site se face cu adresa de email, nu cu nickname- ul. Adresa ta de email va r. Storia della NASA Dalla NACA alla NASA. La NASA nacque il 29 luglio 1958 con il National Aeronautic and Space Act firmato dall'allora presidente Eisenhower e divent Constellation program - Wikipedia. The Constellation Program (abbreviated Cx. P) was a human spaceflight program developed by NASA, the space agency of the United States, from 2. The major goals of the program were . The program's logo reflected the three stages of the program: the Earth (ISS), the Moon, and finally Mars. Griffin, ordered a complete review, termed the Exploration Systems Architecture Study, which reshaped how NASA would pursue the goals laid out in the Vision for Space Exploration, and its findings were formalized by the NASA Authorization Act of 2. The Act directed NASA to . Obama signed the NASA Authorization Act of 2. October 1. 1, which shelved the program. NASA had already begun designing two boosters, the Ares I and Ares V, when the program was created. Ares I was designed for the sole purpose of launching mission crews into orbit, while Ares V would have been used to launch other hardware which required a heavier lift capacity than the Ares I booster provided. In addition to these two boosters, NASA designed other spacecraft for use during Constellation, including the Orion crew capsule, the Earth Departure Stage secondary booster, and the Altair lunar lander. Lockheed Martin was selected as the prime contractor for the Orion project on August 3. The Block I Orion was to be used for International Space Station missions and other Earth orbit missions, while the Block II and III variants were designed for deep- space exploration. Orion's design consists of three main parts: a Crew Module (CM) similar to the Apollo Command Module, but capable of sustaining four to six crew members; a cylindrical Service Module (SM) containing the primary propulsion systems and consumable supplies; and the Launch Abort System (LAS), which provides capability for the astronauts and Crew Module to escape from the launch vehicle should problems arise during launch ascent. The Orion Crew Module is designed to be reusable for up to ten flights, allowing NASA to construct a fleet of Orion crew modules. Despite the cancellation of the Constellation program, development of a variant of the Orion spacecraft, the Orion Multipurpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), continues, with a test launch performed on 5 December 2. Altair (formerly known as the Lunar Surface Access Module, LSAM) was designed to be the main transport vehicle for astronauts on lunar missions. The Altair design was much larger than its predecessor, the Apollo Lunar Module, at almost five times the volume, occupying a total of 1,1. Apollo lander's 2. It was to stand 3. Like its predecessor, the Altair design consists of two parts: an ascent stage which houses the four- person crew; and a descent stage consisting of the landing gear, and storage for the majority of the crew's consumables (oxygen and water) and for scientific equipment. Unlike the Lunar Module, Altair was designed to land in the lunar polar regions favored by NASA for future lunar base construction. Unlike the current RL- 1. RL- 1. 0s were to have the ability to throttle down to as low as 1. Altair for both the lunar orbit insertion (LOI) and landing stages of lunar missions. The ascent stage was designed to be powered by a single engine, likely a hypergolic engine similar or identical to the main engine of the Orion CSM, which would use the descent stage as both a launchpad and a platform for future base construction. Alternately, there was a small possibility that the original plan of using LOX/CH4. Space Shuttle payload includes crew and cargo. Ares I payload includes only crew and inherent craft. Saturn V payload includes crew, inherent craft and cargo. Ares V payload includes only cargo and inherent craft. NASA planned to use two separate boosters for the Constellation Program missions . This would have allowed the two launch vehicles to be optimized for their respective missions, and allowed a much higher total lift for the Ares V without being cost- prohibitive. The Constellation Program thus combined the Lunar Orbit Rendezvous method adopted by the Apollo program's lunar missions with the Earth Orbit Rendezvous method which had also been considered. The name Ares (the Greek god called Mars in Roman mythology) was chosen for the boosters as a reference to the project's goal of landing on Mars. The numbers I and V were chosen to pay homage to the Saturn rockets of the 1. The Orion spacecraft would have been launched into a low Earth orbit by the Ares I rocket (the . NASA selected the Ares designs for their anticipated overall safety, reliability and cost- efficiency. As of May 2. 01. 0, the program got as far as launching the first Ares I- X first- stage flight on October 2. Orion launch abort system before its cancellation. Ares V would have had a maximum lift capacity of about 1. Earth orbit (LEO), compared to the Space Shuttle's capacity of 2. Saturn V's 1. 18 metric tons (2. The Ares V would have carried about 7. Moon, versus the Saturn V's 4. Five Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSME) were originally planned for the Ares V, but the RS- 6. SSMEs. The Ares V would have flown for the first eight minutes of powered flight, then the Earth Departure Stage would have placed itself and the Altair spacecraft into low Earth orbit while awaiting the arrival of the Orion. Toward the end of the program, it became apparent that the ablatively- cooled RS- 6. B engines would not withstand the heat from the solid rocket boosters at launch, and NASA began again to consider using Space Shuttle Main Engines instead of upgrading the RS- 6. It was designed as the second liquid- fueled stage of the Ares V rocket. The Orion spacecraft would have been launched separately by Ares I, and then met and docked with the Ares V- launched EDS/Altair combination, delivering the crew and configuring the spacecraft for its journey to the Moon in a process known as Earth orbit rendezvous. Comparison to Apollo and Space Shuttle designs. However, in other areas Orion employs updated technology. In designing the J- 2. X, NASA engineers visited museums, searched for Apollo- era documentation and consulted with engineers who worked on the Apollo program. The lander, known as Altair, would have been launched separately on the Ares V rocket, a rocket based on both Space Shuttle and Apollo technologies. Orion would have been launched separately and would have linked up with Altair in low Earth orbit. Also, unlike Apollo, Orion would have remained unmanned in lunar orbit while the entire crew landed on the lunar surface. Toward the end of the mission, the Altair spacecraft would have launched into lunar orbit to link up with the Orion spacecraft in lunar orbit rendezvous. Like Apollo, the Orion capsule would then have returned to Earth orbit, re- entered the atmosphere and landed in water. Missions. There were no well- defined plans at the time of cancelation for a manned flight to Mars, the ultimate goal of the project, but a mission to a Near- Earth asteroid was in the initial planning phase as of 2. International Space Station and low- Earth orbit flights. Once assembly was completed and a launch date was set, the Crawler- Transporter would transport the completed stack, along with the launch support tower and the Mobile Launcher Platform, out to Launch Pad. B. Once the Crawler- Transporter reached the pad, the stack and the Launcher Platform would be left in place and the Crawler- Transporter removed to a safe distance. After final safety checks, the ground crew would fill up the second stage with liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) fuel, and the crew, wearing all- purpose spacesuits, would enter the spacecraft three hours before liftoff. Once they were locked in, and after all systems were cleared by controllers at both the Cape and Mission Control in Houston, the Ares I would then launch. After a two- day orbital chase, the Orion spacecraft, having jettisoned much of the initial stack during takeoff, would meet with the International Space Station. After getting the go ahead from Houston, Orion would then dock with the ISS. The six- man crew (at a maximum) would then enter the station in order to perform numerous tasks and activities for the duration of their flight, usually lasting six months, but possibly shortened to four or lengthened to eight, depending upon NASA's goals for that particular mission. Once completed, the crew would then reenter the Orion, seal itself off from the ISS, and then undock from the station. Once the Orion reached a safe distance from the ISS, the Command Module (after having jettisoned the disposable service module) would re- enter in the same manner as all NASA spacecraft prior to the Shuttle, using the ablative heat shield to both deflect heat from the spacecraft and to slow it down from a speed of 2. Mach 2. 3) to 4. 80 km/h (3. Mach 0. 5). After reentry was completed, the forward assembly would be jettisoned, and two drogue parachutes released, followed at 2. N2), which does not combust when exposed to heat, allowing the spacecraft to splashdown. Unlike the Apollo CM, which was used only for one flight, an Orion CM could theoretically be used up to ten times under normal operating conditions. Lunar sortie flights. The Ares V/EDS/Altair stack would be assembled at the Vehicle Assembly Building and then transported to Pad A of Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 3. Ares I/Orion stack would be transported to the adjacent Pad 3. B. The Ares V/EDS/Altair stack would be launched first, into a 3. Approximately 9. 0 minutes later, the Ares I/Orion would then launch with the crew into a nearly identical orbit. The Orion would then rendezvous and dock with the Altair/EDS combination already in low- Earth orbit. After the necessary preparations for lunar flight, the EDS would fire for 3. TLI) maneuver, accelerating the spacecraft to 4. After this burn, the EDS would be jettisoned and sent either into an orbit around the Sun or to crash into the lunar surface.
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